Mutations

PSEN1 L219F

Overview

Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified
ACMG/AMP Pathogenicity Criteria: PS3, PM2, PP2, PP3
Clinical Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Position: (GRCh38/hg38):Chr14:73192750 C>T
Position: (GRCh37/hg19):Chr14:73659458 C>T
dbSNP ID: rs63749987
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
DNA Change: Substitution
Expected RNA Consequence: Substitution
Expected Protein Consequence: Missense
Codon Change: CTT to TTT
Reference Isoform: PSEN1 Isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic Region: Exon 7

Findings

This variant was identified in a member of an Italian family with early onset AD (Terreni et al., 2000). The proband's APP gene was also screened, and no additional mutations were found. The variant is present at a frequency of 0.000003976 with an allele count of 1 in the gnomAD variant database (gnomAD v.2.1.1, Sep 2021). 

Neuropathology
Unknown.

Biological Effect
An in vitro assay using purified proteins to test the ability of this mutant to cleave the APP-C99 substrate revealed it produces less Aβ40 and more Aβ42 than wildtype PSEN1, resulting in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (Sun et al., 2017). Several in silico algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor, FATHMM, PROVEAN, CADD, REVEL, and Reve in the VarCards database) predicted this variant is damaging (Xiao et al., 2021).

Pathogenicity

Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified*

*This variant fulfilled some ACMG-AMP criteria, but it was not classified by Alzforum, because data for either a pathogenic or benign classification are lacking: only one affected carrier has been reported without co-segregation data, and the variant is absent—or very rare—in the gnomAD database.

This variant fulfilled the following criteria based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. See a full list of the criteria in the Methods page.

PS3-S

Well-established in vitro or in vivo functional studies supportive of a damaging effect on the gene or gene product.

PM2-M

Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium. *Alzforum uses the gnomAD variant database.

PP2-P

Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.

PP3-P

Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). *In most cases, Alzforum applies this criterion when the variant’s PHRED-scaled CADD score is greater than or equal to 20.

Pathogenic (PS, PM, PP) Benign (BA, BS, BP)
Criteria Weighting Strong (-S) Moderate (-M) Supporting (-P) Supporting (-P) Strong (-S) Strongest (BA)

Last Updated: 22 Feb 2022

Comments

No Available Comments

Make a Comment

To make a comment you must login or register.

References

Paper Citations

  1. Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.
  2. Sun L, Zhou R, Yang G, Shi Y. Analysis of 138 pathogenic mutations in presenilin-1 on the in vitro production of Aβ42 and Aβ40 peptides by γ-secretase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jan 24;114(4):E476-E485. Epub 2016 Dec 5 PubMed.
  3. Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:695808. Epub 2021 Jun 18 PubMed.

External Citations

  1. gnomAD v.2.1.1

Further Reading

No Available Further Reading

Protein Diagram

Primary Papers

  1. Terreni L, Valeria C, Calella AM, Gavazzi A, Alberoni M, Grimaldi, Mariani C, Forloni G. A novel missense mutation (L219F) in exon 8 of the presenilin 1 gene in an Italian family with presenile familial Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2000 May-Jun;21(Suppl 1):176-7.

Other mutations at this position

View Table

Alzpedia

Disclaimer: Alzforum does not provide medical advice. The Content is for informational, educational, research and reference purposes only and is not intended to substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek advice from a qualified physician or health care professional about any medical concern, and do not disregard professional medical advice because of anything you may read on Alzforum.