Research Models

APPDutch

Synonyms: APP-Dutch, Tg-APP(Dutch), APP E693Q, APP Dutch

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Species: Mouse
Genes: APP
Mutations: APP E693Q (Dutch)
Modification: APP: Transgenic
Disease Relevance: Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch type, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Alzheimer's Disease
Strain Name: C57BL/6J-Tg(Thy1-APPDutch)#Jckr
Genetic Background: C57BL/6J
Availability: Available through Mathias Jucker

Summary

This transgenic mouse line bears a mutation that was determined to cause hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type, a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), strokes, and dementia. APPDutch mice have an increased Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio, but parenchymal amyloid plaques are not observed. Instead, mice develop extensive vascular Aβ deposition starting at 22 to 24 months of age, and appearing first in leptomeningeal vessels followed by cortical vessels. This leads to smooth muscle cell degeneration, hemorrhages, and neuroinflammation. The mice develop robust microgliosis immediately adjacent to amyloid-laden vessels, and widespread activation of astrocytes in neocortical regions affected by CAA. Female mice have earlier onset of amyloid deposition (Herzig et al., 2004).

Modification Details

Transgenic mice with human APP751 bearing the E693Q mutation under the murine Thy1 promoter.

Phenotype Characterization

When visualized, these models will distributed over a 18 month timeline demarcated at the following intervals: 1mo, 3mo, 6mo, 9mo, 12mo, 15mo, 18mo+.

Absent

  • Plaques
  • Tangles

No Data

  • Neuronal Loss
  • Synaptic Loss
  • Changes in LTP/LTD
  • Cognitive Impairment

Plaques

No plaques are observed, but CAA develops at 22-24 months.

Tangles

Absent.

Neuronal Loss

Unknown.

Gliosis

Microgliosis develops after the onset of CAA pathology and is prominent in areas adjacent to amyloid-laden vessels. There is also widespread activation of astrocytes in neocortical regions affected by CAA. These changes have been reported at 29 months of age, although the actual onset of gliosis may occur earlier than has been examined.

Synaptic Loss

Unknown.

Changes in LTP/LTD

Unknown.

Cognitive Impairment

Unknown.

Last Updated: 16 Jul 2018

COMMENTS / QUESTIONS

  1. The work provides insights into the significance of conformational versus metabolic properties in the occurrence of pathological phenotypes, i.e., amyloid angiopathy versus parenchymal amyloidosis.

    View all comments by Takaomi Saido

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References

Paper Citations

  1. Herzig MC, Winkler DT, Burgermeister P, Pfeifer M, Kohler E, Schmidt SD, Danner S, Abramowski D, Stürchler-Pierrat C, Bürki K, van Duinen SG, Maat-Schieman ML, Staufenbiel M, Mathews PM, Jucker M. Abeta is targeted to the vasculature in a mouse model of hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Nat Neurosci. 2004 Sep;7(9):954-60. PubMed.

Other Citations

  1. Mathias Jucker

Further Reading

Papers

  1. Huang Y, Skwarek-Maruszewska A, Horré K, Vandewyer E, Wolfs L, Snellinx A, Saito T, Radaelli E, Corthout N, Colombelli J, Lo AC, Van Aerschot L, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Trabzuni D, Bossers K, Verhaagen J, Ryten M, Munck S, D'Hooge R, Swaab DF, Hardy J, Saido TC, De Strooper B, Thathiah A. Loss of GPR3 reduces the amyloid plaque burden and improves memory in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Sci Transl Med. 2015 Oct 14;7(309):309ra164. PubMed.