Mutations
PSEN1 L219R
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Overview
Pathogenicity: Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified
ACMG/AMP Pathogenicity
Criteria: PM2, PP2, PP3
Clinical
Phenotype: Alzheimer's Disease
Position: (GRCh38/hg38):Chr14:73192751 T>G
Position: (GRCh37/hg19):Chr14:73659459 T>G
dbSNP ID: NA
Coding/Non-Coding: Coding
DNA
Change: Substitution
Expected RNA
Consequence: Substitution
Expected Protein
Consequence: Missense
Codon
Change: CTT to CGT
Reference
Isoform: PSEN1 Isoform 1 (467 aa)
Genomic
Region: Exon 7
Findings
This mutation was detected in a Japanese woman with early onset Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive impairment started at age 51 and she met NINCDS-ADRDA clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease (Ikeda et al., 2013). Symptoms included memory loss, apathy, depression, and apraxia of daily behaviors. In addition, emotional and social disturbances were reported. At age 57, the patient also developed difficulty walking. APOE genotyping revealed she carried APOE3 and APOE4 alleles.The patient's mother and elder sister also suffered from dementia in their 50s.
This variant was absent from the gnomAD variant database (gnomAD v2.1.1, July 2021).
Neuropathology
Neuropathology data are unavailable, but brain imaging revealed atrophy and reduced blood flow in temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes. Also, widespread microbleeds were found in brain, brainstem, and cerebellum. Levels of phospho-tau in CSF were elevated, while those of Aβ42 were reduced.
Biological Effect
Unknown, but several in silico algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, LRT, MutationTaster, MutationAssessor, FATHMM, PROVEAN, CADD, REVEL, and Reve in the VarCards database) predicted this variant is damaging (Xiao et al., 2021).
Pathogenicity
Alzheimer's Disease : Not Classified*
*This variant fulfilled some ACMG-AMP criteria, but it was not classified by Alzforum, because data for either a pathogenic or benign classification are lacking: only one affected carrier has been reported without co-segregation data, and the variant is absent—or very rare—in the gnomAD database.
This variant fulfilled the following criteria based on the ACMG/AMP guidelines. See a full list of the criteria in the Methods page.
PM2-M
Absent from controls (or at extremely low frequency if recessive) in Exome Sequencing Project, 1000 Genomes Project, or Exome Aggregation Consortium. *Alzforum uses the gnomAD variant database.
PP2-P
Missense variant in a gene that has a low rate of benign missense variation and where missense variants are a common mechanism of disease.
PP3-P
Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect on the gene or gene product (conservation, evolutionary, splicing impact, etc.). *In most cases, Alzforum applies this criterion when the variant’s PHRED-scaled CADD score is greater than or equal to 20.
| Pathogenic (PS, PM, PP) | Benign (BA, BS, BP) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Criteria Weighting | Strong (-S) | Moderate (-M) | Supporting (-P) | Supporting (-P) | Strong (-S) | Strongest (BA) |
Last Updated: 22 Feb 2022
References
Paper Citations
- Ikeda M, Yonemura K, Kakuda S, Tashiro Y, Fujita Y, Takai E, Hashimoto Y, Makioka K, Furuta N, Ishiguro K, Maruki R, Yoshida J, Miyaguchi O, Tsukie T, Kuwano R, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Amari M, Takatama M, Harigaya Y, Okamoto K. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-38/Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 in Alzheimer's disease with PS1 mutations. Amyloid. 2013 Jun;20(2):107-12. PubMed.
- Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:695808. Epub 2021 Jun 18 PubMed.
External Citations
Further Reading
Learn More
Protein Diagram
Primary Papers
- Ikeda M, Yonemura K, Kakuda S, Tashiro Y, Fujita Y, Takai E, Hashimoto Y, Makioka K, Furuta N, Ishiguro K, Maruki R, Yoshida J, Miyaguchi O, Tsukie T, Kuwano R, Yamazaki T, Yamaguchi H, Amari M, Takatama M, Harigaya Y, Okamoto K. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of phosphorylated tau and Aβ1-38/Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 in Alzheimer's disease with PS1 mutations. Amyloid. 2013 Jun;20(2):107-12. PubMed.
Other mutations at this position
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